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Karama S, Ad-Dab'bagh Y, Haier RJ, Deary IJ, Lyttelton OC, Lepage C et al
Nicotine and Erectile Dysfunction: Key Takeaways Nicotine intake, whether through electronic cigarettes, cigars, chewing gum, or even passive smoking and secondhand smoke, can affect erectile function and contribute to other sexual dysfunctions in men
Despite some inconsistencies, particularly among studies assessing respiratory disorders and suffering from methodological limitations and possible biases 30-33 , the findings from the reviewed studies indicate a growing body of evidence supporting the harmful effects of SHS on pets, with reported associations ranging from respiratory and cardiovascular alterations to neoplasms and biochemical markers of oxidative stress and inflammation
Table 2 Change in leaf area define as a mean surface area with the increasing CSC with days with X S for five replicate measurements at a 95% level of confidence